In recent years, sediment disasters have been frequent in Japan triggered by heavy rainfall at typhoons and line-shaped rain band. When conducting a disaster survey, it is necessary to determine at first where the disaster is occurring and where the damage is large. In the case of sediment disasters that distribute wide area, it is effective to use aerial photograph to understand the disaster situation. We researched the characteristics of three cases of sediment disasters that occurred in Japan in recent years based on the result of the interpretation of aerial photographs taken just after disasters, and the detailed examination of field survey. The target sediment disasters are Typhoon No10 on August 2016, heavy rainfall in northern Kyusyu in July 2017, and West Japan heavy rainfall 2018. We report the characteristics of each sediment disaster from these results. These sediment disasters occurred in various types because the conditions under which these sediment disasters occurred were different, such as region, topography, geology, and rainfall. Understanding the differences of sediment disasters by region is considered to be important in order to reduce the damage caused by sediment disasters, such as the construction of erosion control facilities and the maintenance of a warning and evacuation system.