Background: Cold atmospheric plasma is a material that generates free radicals through the ionization of air. Despite the application of this material in various medical fields, the precise mechanism underlying its effect at the cellular level is not understood fully. To date, it is known to stimulate the expression of anti-oxidant transcription factors such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), forkhead box class O 3a (FOXO3a). Objectives: In this study, we aimed to assess whether and how cold atmospheric plasma affects damaged cells, particularly after exposure to UV radiation. Methods: Human dermal fibroblast primary cells from adult skin tissue were treated with the cold atmospheric plasma(CAP), UV exposure. Quantitative assessment is done by western blot analysis using various primary antibodies. Fluorescence images were obtained by immunocytochemistry. Results: Cold atmospheric plasma can promote mitochondrial health by controlling the stability of the membrane potential of mitochondria against UV radiation. Moreover, cold atmospheric plasma prevented senescence in fibroblasts exposed to UV radiation through the upregulation of p53. Cold atmospheric plasma also exhibited hormetic effects on MMP and collagen in senescent fibroblasts exposed to UV radiation. Conclusion: In conclusion, cold atmospheric plasma treatment not only protected fibroblasts from free radicals, but also repressed the aging of these cells in a UV-radiation-induced aging process.