In China, genetic resources is a relatively new legal term, and the system of access and benefit-sharing of biological genetic resources is also an important task of the leading group of legislative work led by the Ministry of Environment in recent years. The genetic resources are of significant economic and strategic importance to China. China urgently needs to establish an access and benefit-sharing system for genetic resources and related traditional knowledge, and then devote itself to the development and protection of biological genetic resources. This article introduces the overall legislative model and status quo of China’s genetic resources, and discuss the legal issues in China’s current access and benefit-sharing of genetic resources.